In civil engineering, flexural beams are used to control the effect of vibrations that can cause cracks to appear in surfaces (concrete slabs) and beams. This is particularly important in buildings ...

• Calculate the deflections in stepped shafts more quickly and accurately by combining engineering knowledge with mathematics software. • Use Castigliano’s theorem and the Heavyside step function help ...

Cast-in-place reinforced concrete structural members deflect under load. Whatever the cause of the problem, engineers have sometimes tried to control deflection effects by requiring cambered form ...